Periodontology Craiova

What is periodontitis?

Periodontitis / periodontal disease - is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gums. Periodontitis manifests itself in the tissues supporting the tooth on the arch: gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss through destruction of the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth.

In the first phase there is inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), which is manifested by a change in the consistency of the gums - it becomes soft, and the color - to purplish red. Also, the interdental papillae become inflamed and detach from the teeth, there is pain, itching of the gums, the gums bleed very easily, even when brushing with a soft toothbrush.
Gradually the disease progresses to the deep structures, the gums start to recede from the teeth, then involving the alveolar bone, periodontal pockets appear.

Subjective and objective clinical signs of periodontitis

deposits of tartar, bacterial plaque and food debris;
unpleasant mouth odor especially in the morning;

• Bleeding when brushing teeth (may be absent, especially in patients who smoke);

• the patient notices the roots of the teeth "uncovered" by the gum;

• some "front" teeth appear more elongated than others;

• The gums around your teeth may become congested, bright red to purple, which is associated with pain.

The main cause of periodontitis is dental plaque - a pellicle composed mainly of bacteria.
Dental plaque that remains on the teeth for more than two to three days can harden below the gum line, forming tartar. Tartar makes plaque difficult to remove and acts as a reservoir for bacteria. What's more, you can't get rid of tartar by brushing and flossing - you need professional scaling to remove it.

Periodontitis also has favorable factors:

Local:

• smoking;

• dental malpositions;

• occlusal trauma;

• cavities;

• edentations;

• vicious habits etc.

General:

• Physiological conditions: puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, use of contraceptives;

• Systemic diseases: diabetes, hypovitaminosis C, leukemia, anemia, pemphigus, lichen planus, etc..;

• Drug treatments used in epilepsy, cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppressive treatment.

Treatment can halt the progression of the disease, which can otherwise lead to a very advanced stage - cases where the teeth are beyond saving, with extensive damage to the supporting tissue (bone and periodontium). The treatment is long-lasting and its effects are visible: stopping tooth mobility, treating gum and periodontal inflammation, reattaching the gums to the teeth. In the first instance, the patient will have to go to the doctor's surgery where the periodontist will carry out a consultation and perform a periodontometry (periodontal chart):

• depth of periodontal pockets;

• measured gingival retraction;

• bleeding teeth;

• tooth mobility;

• plaque levels.

This chart helps us to make a correct diagnosis and institute the best treatment for the patient.

The treatment of periodontitis (periodontitis/periodontitis/periodontal disease) is carried out exclusively by the periodontist and includes:

• over and under gingival scaling performed with an ultrasound machine to reduce the number of bacteria and to remove plaque and tartar, which are inflammatory and irritating factors for the gums;

• closed-field curettage - performed with thin, fine instruments that remove infection, bacteria and tartar between the gum and tooth as well as periodontal pockets. This is a painless, non-invasive procedure performed under local anesthesia. Irrigation with antiseptics and application of medicated substances are also performed;

• EpicX dental laser;

• plasma therapy (PRP) - PRP therapy is an injectable method for local stimulation of tissue regeneration processes as well as initiating the process of natural regeneration of the color, shape and structure of the oral mucosa.